Hello there,
Welcome to my site!! Did you know that The Secretwasn't a secret? You have known all along that, when you look after your mind, body, and soul, you will naturally attract the right things in your life because you feel good!
As a Massage Therapist I see how a bad diet, stress and no exercise can seriously effect your body. I have come across an awesome company that is passionate about people and their wellbeing.
Enjoy educating yourself on some great products.
Love and Light
Candace Tranter-Cool ma44242
239-745-2860
Free radicals cause oxidative damage to our body, organs and cells. A damaged cell loses or decreases its ability to perform its specific function. This causes many different health concerns and is directly linked to illness and chronic disease such as cancer, arthritis, heart disease and the actual aging process itself.
OPC+ has a strong effect when used together with vitamin antioxidants. It not only neutralizes free radical damage in the body, but also re-energizes the vitamin antioxidants, causing them to work better.
OPC+ helps to reverse the physical signs of aging, increase blood flow and circulation, and combat stress and fatigue. OPCs are used to slow the progress of symptoms and relieve the pain of such ailments as Varicose Veins, Diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis. OPCs have even been known to help patients with ADHD and stroke victims.
We have combined OPC, Pine Bark Extract, Whole Grape Crystals, Grape Seed Extract, Resveratrol, Super Boost B-12, Bilberry Leaf & Extracts, Bioflavonoids, Vitamin C, along with Amylase Enzymes, to create an optimum formula, in one product, for enhancing the following areas in your life:
OPC+ is named for the cumulative effect of this powerful combination of products which provides a super free radical scavenging effect, greater than the individual parts could provide separately.
OPC's are nature’s most powerful antioxidants. They neutralize free radical damage to the body’s tissues at the cellular level. OPC+ consists of the three best sources of OPC in the highest quality: Pine Bark, Grape Seed Extract & Whole Grape Extract. Bilberry leaf and extract have also been added.
Resveratrol has been shown to act as an antioxidant by inhibiting free radical formation, and as an anti-mutagen in rat models. Resveratrol appears to decrease tumor promotion activity by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory substances that stimulate tumor-cell growth.
Vitamin B-12 is a water soluble vitamin which helps maintain healthy nerves and red blood cells. It functions as a methyl donor and works with folic acid in the synthesis of DNA and red blood cells and is vitally important in maintaining the health of the insulation sheath that surrounds nerve cells.
Amylase Enzymes, belonging to a family of alpha, beta, and gamma digestive enzymes, are responsible for starch-splitting or amylolytic activity that splits starch molecules and related polysaccharides. Interestingly, amylase enzymes are also partly effective in destroying histamine reactions, which causes the general symptoms experienced during an allergic reaction. Amylase enzymes work great for digesting starches and carbohydrates and may be useful for people with gluten sensitivities.
OPC+ is an iso-osmotic-capable food supplement that is made from 95% pure grape seed extract, resveratrol (190mg per day), açai berry (50mg per serving) plus 18 additional active ingredients! All ingredients are found to be powerful antioxidants. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) are bioflavonoids (complex organic plant compounds) found in fruits, vegetables and certain tree barks that provide exceptional nutritional benefits to the human body. Studies have shown OPCs to be up to 20 times more powerful than vitamin C and 50 times more powerful than vitamin E in neutralizing free radicals.
Grape seed extract is a natural plant substance that has a concentrated source of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC). These anti-oxidants help protect cells from free radical damage and also promotes healthy circulation. Grape Seed Extract is rich in polyphenols, a compound that's high in antioxidants. Studies have shown OPC to be more powerful antiosicants than Viamin C, E, and Beta-Carotene.
Before Grape Seed Extract was discovered, the best sources of antiosidants came from Vitamin C, E, and Beta-Carotene; however, these sources were not powerful enough to fight the free radicals and area also excreted by the body within ashort time of ingestion. Grape seed extract, on the other hand, has been shown to remain in the body for as long as 3 full days, and is 20 times more potent thatn Vitamin C and 50 times stronger than Vitamin E!
OPCs also act as natural anti-histamines, block inflammation and boost the immune system. They also reportedly affect the metabolic enzymes that regulate neurotransmitters, and they appear to inhibit the breakdown of norepinephrine and dopamine. Some recent studies have shown that ADD is associated with a faster than average reuptake (breakdown) of dopamine, so perhaps this is the most important factor in how OPCs help.
Extracts from French maritime pine bark may boost the body's production of nitric oxide - key tobetter blood flow and oxygen supply to muscles - suggests a new study.
The results of the new study, published in the October 2007 issue (Volume 30, Pages 775-780) of the Journal Hypertension Research, add to a growing body of research reporting potential health benefits of the pine bark extract, Pycnogenol.
"This study suggests that when taking Pycnogenol, more NO (nitric oxide) is provided in response to neurotransmitters allowing for better expansion of arteries to carry more blood. This process serves to meet the enhanced oxygen demand of the performing muscle and avoid anaerobic metabolism," said lead researcher Dr. Yukihito Higashi from the Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences in Japan.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule used by the endothelium (cells lining the surface of blood vessels) to signal surrounding muscle to relax, leading to a reduction in blood pressure, reduced blood clotting and protection against myocardial infarction and strokes.
"While more research is warranted… Pycnogenol seems to allow people to move faster when exercising by satisfying the enhanced muscle oxygen demand and increasing the blood flow to active muscles".
"When people are performing heavy physical activity, nerves release neurotransmitter acetylcholine to arteries supplying muscles, which makes them expand, a process that requires enhanced production of NO," he said.
Resveratrol is a chemical compound found in certain plants. It is called a phytoalexin becauseplants naturally produce it as an antibiotic substance to fight both bacteria and fungi. Plants containing resveratrol include the grapes and skins of grapes that produce wine, raspberries, mulberries, blueberries and cranberries. Resveratrol can also be found in peanuts, certain pine trees and in Japanese knotweed.
A number of beneficial health effects, such as anti cancer, anti aging, anti inflammatory and life-prolonging effects have been reported.
One of the initial reasons that resveratrol was considered as potentially beneficial was observation of the French lifestyle. Though the French tend to consume a diet higher in fats than in many other countries, they have an unexpectedly low incidence of heart disease. Many believe that the lower levels of heart disease are due to frequent consumption of red wine. Although it has been shown that red wine has anti-coagulating effects, many feel that resveratrol may also play a role.
Bilberry fruit contains high concentrations of tannins, substances that act as both an astringent and an anti-inflammatory. This fruit also contains flavonoid compounds called anthocyanidins. Flavonoids are plant pigments that possess outstanding antioxidant properties, foraging out dangerous particles in the body known as free radicals. Bilberry has been connected with the prevention of cancer, heart disease, and macular degeneration.
Anthocyanidin (a flavonoid) is the primary compound in bilberry fruit, building strong capillaries and improving circulation throughout the entire body. Anthocyanidins may prevent blood platelets from clumping together, which minimizes the risk of blood clots (associated with heart attack and stroke). Bilberry fruit contains tannins, a substance that acts as an astringent, stopping bleeding. The tannins and anthocyanidins may equalize each other when the whole bilberry fruit is used for medicinal purposes. Anthocyanidins increase rhodopsin production, a pigment that assists the eye's ability to adapt to light changes and enhances night vision. The tannins possess anti-inflammatory properties and as mentioned previously may relieve diarrhea.
The Bilberry herb has been also been associated with the care and treatment of number of ailments including atherosclerosis, cataracts, diabetes, diarrhea, macular degeneration, night blindness, and retinopathy, and is considered a strong antioxidant by many experts. Though the medicinal benefits of Bilberry are not certain, thousands of people continue to seek bilberry for its health-related properties.
When you eat or drink or when you take supplements in a pill form, the stomach must prepare the items for proper absorption into the small intestine.
In response to the arrival of food, glands present in the lining of the stomach release certain digestive enzymes which break down the food into smaller, easier to digest fragments. The solution is referred to as being in an “Iso-Osmotic Stateâ€. Only in this state will the stomach release its contents into the small intestine where the digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates contained in the foods you consume takes place.
The resulting nutrients produced are absorbed through the lining of the small intestine and transferred to the bloodstream. It can take from one to four hours for the stomach to release the appropriate acids or bases to create this “Iso-Osmotic Stateâ€. This results in a higher dilution factor and lower concentration of nutrients that will be absorbed into your bloodstream.
To compound this problem even further many people have a limited ability to absorb nutrients. This is especially true of people who are already experiencing some type of health challenge, are under emotional stress, or who are simply “getting older†and the body is not working as efficiently as it once did.
A major downside to pills or capsules is that most, if not all, contain fillers, coatings, binders or artificial color which can make this one to four hour period even longer or worse – cause some pills to pass straight through without being digested at all!
With OPC+ you are receiving one of the most nutrient enriched products available today with a “SUPERIOR DELIVERY SYSTEMâ€. OPC+ added to water and taken on an empty stomach allows it to be turned into an “Iso-Osmotic†state within 5-10 minutes rather than hours!
Due to minimized time in the stomach with increased exposure to the digestive juices, a higher percentage of the nutrients are available for absorption leading to maximum levels of nutrient delivery into the blood stream.
OPC contains real antioxidant protection based upon 50 years of research by Dr. Jack Masquelier and Berkem Laboratories in Southern France. The main ingredient, OPCs, extracted from grape seeds and pine bark, provides superior antioxidant protection that is 50 times more powerful than vitamin E and 20 times more powerful than vitamin C. And, Proanthenols helps all other antioxidants (including vitamins C and E) work better! OPCs protect your cells against free radical attack and support the collagen structure of all the organs in your body.
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins ... OPC's ... a product commonly derived from one or more of a combination of grape seed extract, red wine extract and/or pine bark extract. OPC's are very powerful bioflavonoids used as a natural food supplement. Often referred to as Pycnogenols®... the name given to these supplements by Jacques Masquelier, a University of Bordeaux, France professor and scientist... and trademarked by Horphag Overseas Limited of Geneva, Switzerland. OPC's have been shown to have powerful "free-radical" scavenging activity. They are non-toxic, bioavailable, water soluble bioflavanoids.
Complex organic plant compounds found mostly in fruits, vegetables and certain tree barks. They are powerful antioxidants, "free-radical scavengers" and function as helpers to influence the body immune response to inflammation, allergy and infection. There are more than 20,000 different types of bioflavanoids, of which OPC's are considered the most potent antioxidants.
Ready to be absorbed into the body.
Compounds that protect our cells and tissues from damaging interactions with oxygen free-radicals. Well known antioxidant nutrients include A, C, E, zinc, selenium and beta-carotene. These nutrients bolster the action of our natural defense enzymes.
They are 20 times more powerful than vitamin C and 50 times more powerful than vitamin E. They are non-toxic and cross the blood-brain barrier.
Absolutely! OPC's have been used for over 20 years throughout Europe. Extensive studies and laboratory testing reveal no evidence for human toxicity, allergic reactions, birth defects, or carcinogenicity.
Grape seed extract is a superior source of OPC, containing 92% active ingredients and pine bark contains 84% of the active OPC ingredient.*
* Percentages established by Dr. Mane-Claude Dumon, University of Bordeaux, France.
Yes! OPC works synergistically with vitamins. OPC potentates vitamin C and regenerates vitamin E (spent in the fight against free-radicals).
People have experienced recoveries, reversals, remission and relief from at least 60 different common ailments after taking OPC's.
No! OPC's do not cure anything... What they do is help the body to neutralize the invasion of free-radicals. Your body has the amazing ability to heal itself, if it is functioning properly. When free-radicals are controlled, the body can function the way it was meant to... and will heal itself.
Environmental pollution, food additives, high fat diet, excessive alcohol, smoking and passive smoke inhalation, burns, infection, stress, radiation and nutrient deficiencies.
A lot... They attack all body tissues, degrade collagen and reprogram DNA. Free-radicals have been said to be the underlying cause in almost every disease.
Yes... Free-radical damage or oxidative stress is very real. Everyone is subjected to it. Free-radicals have been directly linked to premature aging, arthritis, circulatory disorders, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, heart disease, arteriosclerosis and many other disorders.
Antioxidants protect you against the harmful and destructive effects of free-radical damage. If you don't have adequate protection against these free-radicals, you are very likely to age faster and experience otherwise avoidable health problems. OPC antioxidants are powerful, natural, free-radical neutralizers. You may be well advised to start taking an OPC Super Antioxidant today... and for life.
OPC is probably the most versatile nutrient ever discovered. It is the most active free radical scavenging antioxidant known. It helps protects against all sorts of degenerative conditions. It has especially been researched for circulatory problems. Research pointed out that OPC is what makes the "French Paradox" work. With the "French Paradox" scientists indicate that they wonder why the French have a much lower cardiovascular mortality than e.g. Americans. The answer to the paradox was found in the consumption of red wine, especially in the consumption of one substance in the red wine: OPC. One of the greatest values of OPC is its ability to preserve and protect collagen and elastin. Collagen and elastin are important structural constituents of the vascular wall, skin and connective tissues including ligaments, tendons and others. Collagen and elastin contribute to the elasticity of all these tissues.
OPC prevents the fixation of cholesterol to the elastin in the blood vessels. Thus, OPC inhibits cholesterol deposits in the vascular wall. Moreover, OPC has a vitamin C sparing effect. Vitamin C helps the body to get rid of an excess of cholesterol, so indirectly OPC helps the body to monitor cholesterol levels. Moreover, since OPC is an antioxidant, OPC inhibits the formation of the bad type of cholesterol (LDL) that easily fixes itself to the vascular wall.
Yes, they may. In fact, with Dr. Masquelier's grape seed extract clinical studies have been performed, in which pregnant women who were troubled by varicose veins and other circulatory problems in the legs took OPC. The product worked very well.
Dr. Masquelier says: "The Dutch MD, who speaks in the OPC in Practice video-tape, evokes the healing aspect of OPC and he takes a position of prudence. He considers that one should wait for a stabilization of the disease before employing the OPC. On my part, I contemplate the preventative aspect, and I advise the use of OPC as a health and dietary measure for people who are in good condition, but whose familial background might be disquieting. In this case, OPC works on two levels:
"It inhibits the destruction of collagen by certain enzymes (e.g. hyaluronidase), in such a way that a nascent cancerous lesion rests localized and is thus accessible for surgery without the fear of metastases."
"It stimulates the immune defenses of the organism. We know that a weakness of these defenses can lead to an outburst of cancerous conditions."
OPC is unique among biological nutrients contained in nutritional supplements in that extensive laboratory and clinical research has been ongoing for more than fifty years to support the structure and function claims made for its multiple potential health benefits. Summarized here are some of the most important health benefits of OPC that are found in greater detail in the more than 100 research articles reviewed in the new book by Glen A. Halvorson M.D. "OPC: The Real Story About Nature's Most Powerful Antioxidant."
OPC has not been prominently featured in cancer research since it has been found to have overwhelmingly positive effects on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health. Its potential chemopreventive properties are currently under review because of the renewed interest in flavonoids as chemopreventive agents. Key research includes the following:
Huynh, et al., showed that Pycnogenol® inhibits nitrogen- containing compounds from causing cancer in the gastro- intestinal tract of rats. Nitrogen compounds are known to increase risk in humans for both gut and lung cancers.
Nelson, et al., found that Pycnogenol® protected DNA single and double strands from breaking in the presence of oxygen free radical species. This breakage of genetic material is thought to be a possible factor in carcinogenesis (creation of cancer).
Jang, et al., review the properties of the chemical trans- Resveratrol (or Resveretrol) found recently in red wine and the skin of grapes. Cancer studies at the University of Illinois found Resveratrol prevented cancer from starting in normal cells, stopped already cancerous cells from growing, and caused already cancerous cells to revert back to normal.
Grape skin contained the highest amount of Resveratrol of over 1000 plants studied. The OPC in EIF comes from red grapes grown in the Rhone Valley of France that have a comparatively higher content of Resveratrol.
Please keep in mind Resveratrol was tested in cultured cells from mice with induced cancer; there have been no studies in humans. This does not mean Resveratrol doesn't fight cancer, but as of today, realistically speaking, there is more evidence to support its role in reducing heart disease than cancer. Resveratrol prevents platelet aggregation--another reason or excuse to drink red wine! Epidemiological studies do present strong evidence for a reduced risk of both cancer and heart disease in populations consuming higher than normal amounts of red wine on a daily basis (2-4 glasses per day).
Packer, et al., cite many references that support cancer- protective properties of flavonoids and polyphenols including OPC. Flavonoids in numerous studies inhibit the growth of tumor cells by various mechanisms including antioxidant properties, inhibition of enzymes that facilitate cellular metabolism, and ability to inhibit telomerase, an enzyme essential for promoting rapid growth of tumor cells.
A brief review of the multiple benefits of OPC should convince even the most skeptical scientist of the value of increasing daily intake of bioflavonoids, including OPC.
OPC inhibits damage to blood vessels and inhibits abnormal clotting of blood, both of which are related to heart disease. OPC inhibits excessive metabolizing of nitric oxide, a process linked to inflammation, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease (Fitzpatrick).
OPC 100 mg given to smokers two hours after smoking inhibited clotting of platelets more effectively and faster than 500 mg of aspirin. A 200 mg dose of OPC was even more effective with effects lasting a week after the OPC was stopped (Watson, Putter). OPC corrects some forms of infertility in males by increasing the number of structurally normal sperm, a more cost effective treatment than expensive fertility drugs (Roseff)!
OPC is one of nature's most powerful antioxidants, inhibiting superoxide and hydroxyl forms of oxygen free radicals more effectively than either Vitamin C or E (Bagchi).
OPC inhibits lipid peroxidation of blood fats more effectively than Vitamin E (Bagchi).
OPC inhibits growth of cancer cells in the laboratory while simultaneously enhancing the growth and viability of normal human gastric mucosal cells (Ye).
OPC inhibits acetaminophen-induced liver death in lab mice (Ray).
OPC improved venous insufficiency in 80% of patients treated for just 10 days with 100 mg of OPC. Itching, heaviness and pain disappeared with rapid reduction of the swelling in lower limbs. Symptom improvement correlated with objective changes in videocapillaroscope examination of blood flow (Constantini).
Resveratrol, a chemical found in the skin of grapes, was shown to protect lipid and protein membranes against copper- induced oxidation (Fremont).
OPC binds to both collagen and elastin fibers in connective tissue to reduce their rate of degradation by inflammatory enzymes (Tixier).
OPC protects the lining of blood vessel walls from free radical damage (Rong).
OPC reduces diabetic retinal bleeding and improves vision within a few weeks on as little as 100 mg per day (Froantin).
OPC reduces peripheral edema in several studies involving over 4,000 patients (Henreit).
OPC increases capillary resistance, resulting in lower systolic blood pressure (Lagrue).
OPC reduces severity and duration of soft tissue injuries in soccer players treated immediately following injury with 400 mg per day tapering over several weeks to 200 mg per day of OPC from grape seed extract (Parienti).
OPC reduces symptoms in gastric ulcers (Saito).
OPC reduces post-surgical swelling and pain and speeds soft tissue recovery when elective facial surgery patients were pre- treated before and after surgery (Baruch).
OPC reduced symptoms of PMS in over 60% of patients treated with 200 mg of OPC for three months and in 80% of patients treated for six months (Amsellem).
OPC is an acronym for "oligomeric proanthocyanidins", a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from many different plants of which the highest concentrations for supplement use are found in grape seed extract, entire grape extract, and pine bark extract.
OPC is distinct from other plant flavonoids because it is a flavan-3-ol. Flavanols differ from flavonoids in that flavanols are highly water-soluble, absorbable and bioavailable. OPC is quickly and readily distributed throughout the body within minutes to a few hours of oral ingestion. OPC also contains ellagitannins in lesser amounts than red raspberries.
OPC is a potent scavenger of free radicals. It is one of nature's most potent antioxidants. OPC contains multiple electron donor sites (hydroxyl sites) that allow it to bind to unstable molecules called free radicals by donating its hydrogen atoms. OPC also recycles other antioxidants such as Vitamin C and glutathione by removing the free radicals they bind with and freeing them up to interact again with other free radicals.
Examples of free radical scavenging activities of OPC include: traps hydroxyl and superoxide radicals; inhibits or delays onset of lipid peroxidation; chelates free iron molecules and inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation; reduces free radical production by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase; and inhibits degradative enzymes that produce free radicals through soft tissue damage (hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, protease).
OPC from grape seed extract contains the most potent antioxidant activity of the various polyphenols studied. In one study rat blood vessel walls were exposed to free radicals and the ability of grape seed extract, pine bark, and bilberry to protect the blood vessel walls from damaged was measured. Grape seed extract provided the best arterial wall defense against the damaging effects of free radicals and on an absolute scale, was 22% stronger than pine bark extract and 15% greater than bilberry extract (Jonadet).
OPC binds to protein tissue such as collagen, producing a wide range of benefits to health and anti-aging. OPC binds to the collagen in blood vessel walls, making capillaries stronger and more elastic, improving circulation, and reducing blood pressure. Since joint capsules, ligaments, and tendons are also made up of collagen, OPC typically improves joint elasticity and range of motion. Since skin is also predominantly collagen, OPC is billed in France as the internal cosmetic, making skin more elastic, softening wrinkles, and giving skin over time a more youthful appearance.
The protein-binding properties of OPC also affect protein receptor sites that control enzymes of inflammation and allergy. OPC blocks the release of histamine, resulting in reduced symptoms in allergies, ulcers, and asthma. OPC blocks the release of proteases and collagenases, resulting in reduced swelling, inflammation, and pain in arthritis.
OPC reduces pain, inflammation, swelling, and stiffness in joints made symptomatic from arthritis or injury in several documented ways. OPC is a potent anti-inflammatory that inhibits the release of degradative enzymes including collagenases, proteases, and elastases that damage soft tissues including joint cartilage and synovial joint linings. OPC is a potent antioxidant that inhibits free radical damage and inflammatory response following injury. OPC speeds recovery from acute injury by inhibiting or reducing the formation of soft tissue edema secondary to acute inflammation. OPC reduces symptoms of chronic joint stiffness and restores functional mobility by improving elasticity of connective tissues. OPC speeds up healing by increasing circulation to joints.
OPC may be the ultimate anti-aging nutrient. OPC improves the appearance of skin. OPC increases circulation to the brain and enhances cognitive functions such as memory and mood. OPC reduces joint stiffness associated with wear and tear of aging.OPC is a potent antioxidant that slows aging by inhibiting the damaging effects of free radicals.
Diabetics experienced reduced diabetic retinopathy and improved retinal appearance and clinical visual acuity after taking as little as 100 mg of OPC per day for six weeks. OPC may enhance peripheral circulation and reduce symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.
OPC has no known side effects such as mutagenecity, carcinogenecity, cellular toxicity or allergic reactions in over fifty years of clinical and laboratory research. Toxicity studies in animals indicate OPC has an extremely high LD50. This means that humans would have to take literally hundreds of thousands of milligrams daily to be adversely effected. OPC is safe to take during pregnancy and breast feeding, unless combined with other herbal ingredients that may be contraindicated during pregnancy.
OPC works best when taken at saturation levels of at least one milligram per pound of body weight per day. A person weighing 200 pounds would take 100 mg twice daily for a total daily dose of 200 milligrams. Therapeutic levels, 300-600 mg of OPC per day, are frequently prescribed by European physicians for medical conditions they think might respond to OPC. Maintenance levels of 100 mg per day are recommended for healthy, younger individuals taking OPC along with other supplements for nutritional insurance.
Amsellem M et al. Endotelon in the treatment of venolymphatic problems in premenstrual syndrome. Multicentered study on 165 patients. Tempo Medical 282: Nov 1987.
Bagchi D et al. Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed extract proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Molecular Pathology and Pharmacology 95: 179-189, 1997.
Baruch J. Effet de 'Endotelon dans les oedemes post-chirurgicaux. Resultats d'une etude en double aveugle contre placebo sur trente-dewx patientes. Ann Chir Plast Estbet 29: 4, 1984.
Chen G et al. Ability of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to induce the ornithine decarboxylase marker of skin tumor promotion and inhibition of this response by gallotannins, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, and their monomeric units in mouse epidermis in vivo. Anticancer Res 15(4): 1183- 1189, 1995.
Constantini A et al. Clinical and capillaroscopic evaluation of chronic uncomplicated venous insufficiency with procyanidins extracted from vitis vinifera. Minerva Cardioangiol 47(1-2): 39-46, 1999.
Fitzpatrick DF et al. Endothelium-dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 32(4): 509-515, 1998.
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Huynh HT et al. Effects of intragastrically administered Pycnogenol on NNK metabolism in F344 rats. Anticancer Res 19: 2095-2099, 1999.
Huynh HT et al. Effects of pycnogenol on the microsomal metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK as a function of age. Cancer Lett 132(1-2): 135-139, 1998.
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Nelson AB et al. Pycnogenol inhibits macrophage oxidative burst, lipoprotein oxidation and hydroxyl radical induced DNA damage. Drug Develop Ind Med 24: 1-6, 1998.
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Packer L et al. Antioxidant activity and biological properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Rad Biol Med 27(5-6): 704-724, 1999.
Parienti JJ et al. Post-traumatic edema in athletes: controlled study of Endotelon. Gaz. Med. de France 90(3): 1, 1983.
Plumb GW et al. Antioxidant properties of catechins and proanthocyanidins: effect of polymerisatin, galloylation and glycosylation. Free Radic Res 29(4): 351-358, 1998.
Putter M et al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res 15(4): 155-156, 1999.
Rao AV and MT Yatcilla. Bio-absorption and in vivo antioxidant properties of BioVin® polyphenols: A human intervention study. Submitted to J of Medicinal Plants, July 2, 1999.
Ray SD et al. A novel proanthocyanidin IH636 grape seed extract increases in vivo Bcl-X1 expression and prevents acetaminophen-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death in mouse liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 369(1): 42-58, 1999.
Rong Y et al. Pycnogenol protects vascular endothelial cells from t-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidant injury. Biotechnol Ther 5(3-4): 117-126, 1994.
Saito M et al. Anti-ulcer activity of grape seed extract and procyanidins. J Agric Food Chem 46: 1460-1464, 1998.
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Virgili F et al. Procyanidins extracted from Pinus maritima (Pycnogenol): scavengers of free radical species and modulators of nitrogen monoxide metabolism in activated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 24: 1120-1129, 1998.
Ye X et al. The cytotoxic effects of a novel IH 636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cultured human cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 196(1-2): 99-108, 1999.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This product is not intended to treat, cure or prevent any disease. Please follow directions on label, or use as directed by your health care professional.